Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody levels following two COVID-19 vaccine doses among children and adults in the Canadian CHILD Cohort
- DOI
- Language of the publication
- English
- Date
- 2023-09-08
- Type
- Submitted manuscript
- Author(s)
- Azeez, Rilwan
- Lotoski, Larisa
- Winsor, Geoffrey L.
- Arnold, Corey R.
- Galipeau, Yannick
- Pelchat, Martin
- Goguen, Stephanie
- Simons, Elinor
- Moraes, Theo J.
- Mandhane, Piush J.
- Turvey, Stuart E.
- Bolotin, Shelly
- Patrick, David M.
- Bullard, Jared
- Lix, Lisa M.
- Doucas, Natasha
- Rodriguez, Natalie
- Brinkman, Fiona S. L.
- Subbarao, Padmaja
- Langlois, Marc-André
- Azad, Meghan B.
- Publisher
- medRxiv
Abstract
Background Vaccination helps prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. However, vaccine-induced humoral immune responses vary among individuals and wane over time. We aimed to describe the SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody response to vaccination and identify health and demographic factors associated with this response among children and adults. Methods We studied a subset of double-vaccinated children (n= 151; mean age: 12 ±1.5 years, 46% female) and adults (n= 995; 44 ±6.0 years, 60% female) from the Canadian CHILD Cohort. Dried blood spots were collected over two time periods (March 2021 to September 2021; October 2021 to January 2022). Antibody levels were quantified using automated chemiluminescent ELISAs. Demographic, vaccination, and health data were collected via online questionnaires. Associations were determined using multivariable regression. Results Our cohort had SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike seropositivity rate of 97% following two COVID-19 vaccine doses. In both children and adults, the highest antibody levels were observed around three months post-vaccination and did not differ by biological sex. Higher antibody levels were associated with: prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (β=0.15 scaled luminescence units, 95%CI, 0.06-0.24), age <18 years (β=0.15, 95%CI 0.05-0.26) and receiving the Moderna mRNA (β=0.23, 95%CI 0.11-0.34) or Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccines (β= 0.10, 95%CI, 0.02-0.18) vs. a combination of mRNA and Oxford-AstraZeneca viral vector vaccines. There were no differences in antibody levels when comparing a 3-8 vs. 9-16-week interval between vaccine doses. Interpretation We identified key factors associated with post-vaccination antibody responses in children and adults, which could help improve future vaccine development and deployment among different population subgroups.
Subject
- Health,
- Coronavirus diseases,
- Immunization
Rights
Pagination
1-23
Peer review
No
Sponsors
This work was supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Canadian COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (VR5-172658) and Research Manitoba (4494). Core funding for the CHILD Cohort Study was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [CIHR; AEC-85761, PJT-148484, FDN-159935, and EC1-144621], the Allergy, Genes and Environment Network of Centres of Excellence (AllerGen NCE) (12CHILD), BC Children Hospital Foundation, Don & Debbie Morrison, and Genome Canada/Genome BC (274CHI). This research was supported, in part, by the Canada Research Chairs program: MBA holds a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease; SET holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Pediatric Precision Health; PS holds Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Pediatric Asthma & Lung Health EC is supported by a Social Science and Humanities Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. FSLB is an SFU Distinguished Professor. YG is supported by a Frederick Banting and Charles Best CGS-D from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (476885). Production of COVID-19 reagents was financially supported by NRC's Pandemic Response Challenge Program.