Protocole d’échantillonnage de l’étude au filet maillant indépendante des pêches (EFMIP) utilisé pour étudier l’écologie plurispécifique dans le Grand lac des Esclaves, Territoires du Nord-Ouest, Canada

Abstract

Gillnets are among the most widely-used devices to capture fish for both scientific research and commercial purposes. The basic advantages of multimesh gillnets include facilitating the ability to catch a wide range of sizes and species, the flexibilities of installation in various combination of mesh-sized panels, and ease of operation. There are few detailed sampling protocols specifying the mesh size and gillnet dimension, sampling schedule, sample collection, and data quality assurance for fishery-independent scientific exploration using multimesh gillnets. The objective of this document is to outline a standard multimesh gillnet sampling protocol for a fishery-independent gillnet study (FIGS), which aims to quantitatively investigate species richness, species-specific abundance and biomass indices, analogous to catch per unit effort (CPUEs), population structure, and multi-species community dynamics in Great Slave Lake (GSL), a large northern boreal lake situated in the Northwest Territories, Canada. To conduct FIGS, an index gillnet comprised ten different mesh-sized panels, ranging between 13–140 mm (½–5½”) knot-to-knot stretched, which followed a geometric progression mesh size factor of r = 1.31. The height of the panels was 3.7 m (12’) and 1.8 m (6’) for pelagic and benthic sets, respectively. The lengths of the panels varied in groups of mesh sizes in order to reduce the catch/mortality of small-sized fishes in small mesh size panels: 11 m (36’) for smaller mesh size panels (13–38 mm; ½–1½”) and 22 m (72’) for larger mesh-size panels (51–140 mm; 2–5½”). Associated with proportions of area-specific grid numbers and depth-specific strata, the selection of sampling grid, type and number of gillnet, and order of deployment was made following a depth stratified random sampling strategy. Regardless, the multimesh gillnet design used for FIGS can be applied as a standard tool to monitor fish population status, fish community association, capture efficiency, and to potentially support quantitative fisheries stock assessment in large lakes. By applying this protocol to routine monitoring and assessment, it provides an important step towards delivering reliable, robust, and representative estimates of fisheries production and improves the interpretability and reliability of biological reference points into integrated fisheries management plans (IFMP), fish stock provisions, and ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM) in particular for Arctic great lakes.