Analysis of halogenated flame retardants in Canadian wastewater treatment plants using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)
Analysis of halogenated flame retardants in Canadian wastewater treatment plants using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)
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- dc.contributor.author
- Shanmuganathan, Meera
- Zhang, Zifeng
- Sverko, Ed
- Brymer, Rachel
- Gill, Biban
- Smyth, Shirley Anne
- dc.date.accepted
- 2018-07-03
- dc.date.accessioned
- 2024-01-23T20:45:30Z
- dc.date.available
- 2024-01-23T20:45:30Z
- dc.date.issued
- 2018-11-01
- dc.date.submitted
- 2017-10-30
- dc.description.abstract - en
- An investigation of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), and chlorinated flame retardants was conducted in samples from Canadian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The penta-BDE mixture and deca-BDE were most commonly detected. Median removal efficiencies of PBDEs by WWTPs were 71% to 99% and higher concentrations of PBDEs were found in influent samples in summer, compared to winter. Three novel brominated flame retardants (nBFRs) including 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTeBB or TBB), and bis(2-ethyl-1-hexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEHTBP or TBPH) were detected in greater than 80% of influents and biosolids. Median removal efficiencies were 45% to 99% for BTBPE, 63% to 99% for TBB, and 88% to 99% for TBPH. Detection of total dechlorane plus ((DP) syn and anti) was greater than 90% in both wastewater and biosolids samples. However, median removal efficiencies were between 51% and 66% for total DP. Overall, PBDEs were effectively removed via different treatment processes, while BTBPE, TBB, and DP exhibited lower removal rates, which could be due to their physical chemical properties.
- dc.identifier.doi
- https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2018.040
- dc.identifier.issn
- 2709-8052
- 2709-8044
- dc.identifier.uri
- https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/1887
- dc.language.iso
- en
- dc.publisher
- IWA Publishing
- dc.rights - en
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- dc.rights - fr
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- dc.rights.openaccesslevel - en
- Gold
- dc.rights.openaccesslevel - fr
- Or
- dc.rights.uri - en
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.rights.uri - fr
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fr
- dc.subject - en
- Nature and environment
- Water
- Science and technology
- dc.subject - fr
- Nature et environnement
- Eau
- Sciences et technologie
- dc.subject.en - en
- Nature and environment
- Water
- Science and technology
- dc.subject.fr - fr
- Nature et environnement
- Eau
- Sciences et technologie
- dc.title - en
- Analysis of halogenated flame retardants in Canadian wastewater treatment plants using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)
- dc.type - en
- Article
- dc.type - fr
- Article
- local.article.journalissue
- 4
- local.article.journaltitle
- Water Quality Research Journal
- local.article.journalvolume
- 53
- local.pagination
- 167–180
- local.peerreview - en
- Yes
- local.peerreview - fr
- Oui
- local.requestdoi
- No
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