Avian influenza virus circulation and immunity in a wild urban duck population prior to and during a highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak

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creativework.keywords - en
Avian influenza
Immunity
Serology
creativework.keywords - fr
Grippe aviaire
Immunité
Sérologie
dc.contributor.author
Wight, Jordan
Rahman, Ishraq
Wallace, Hannah L.
Cunningham, Joshua T.
Roul, Sheena
Robertson, Gregory J.
Russell, Rodney S.
Xu, Wanhong
Zhmendak, Dmytro
Alkie, Tamiru N.
Berhane, Yohannes
Hargan, Kathryn E.
Lang, Andrew S.
dc.date.accepted
2024-09-09
dc.date.accessioned
2025-03-31T15:35:40Z
dc.date.available
2025-03-31T15:35:40Z
dc.date.issued
2024-11-22
dc.date.submitted
2024-04-26
dc.description.abstract - en
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were first detected in St. John’s, Canada in late 2021. To investigate the patterns of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection and immune responses subsequent to the arrival of H5N1, we sampled the wild urban duck population in this area for a period of 16 months after the start of the outbreak and compared these findings to those from archived samples. Antibody seroprevalence was relatively stable before the outbreak (2011–2014) at 27.6% and 3.9% for anti-AIV (i.e., NP) and H5-specific antibodies, respectively. During the winter of 2022, AIV-NP and H5-specific antibody seroprevalence both reached 100%, signifying a population-wide infection event, which was observed again in late February 2023 following a second H5N1 incursion from Eurasia. As expected, population-level immunity waned over time, with ducks seropositive for anti-AIV-NP antibodies for approximately twice as long as for H5-specific antibodies, with the population seronegative to the latter after approximately six months. We observed a clear relationship of increasing antibody levels with decreasing viral RNA loads that allowed for interpretation of the course of infection and immune response in infected individuals and applied these findings to two cases of resampled ducks to infer infection history. Our study highlights the value of applying both AIV surveillance and seroprevalence monitoring to provide a better understanding of AIV dynamics in wild populations, which may be crucial following the global dissemination of clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx subtypes to assess the threats they pose to both wild and domestic animals, and to humans.
dc.identifier.citation
Wight, J., Rahman, I., Wallace, H. L., Cunningham, J. T., Roul, S., Robertson, G. J., Russell, R. S., Xu, W., Zhmendak, D., Alkie, T. N., Berhane, Y., Hargan, K. E., & Lang, A. S. (2024). Avian influenza virus circulation and immunity in a wild urban duck population prior to and during a highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak. Veterinary Research, 55, Article 154. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01397-5
dc.identifier.doi
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01397-5
dc.identifier.issn
1297-9716
dc.identifier.uri
https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/3561
dc.language.iso
en
dc.publisher - en
Springer Nature
dc.rights - en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights - fr
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.openaccesslevel - en
Gold
dc.rights.openaccesslevel - fr
Or
dc.rights.uri - en
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.uri - fr
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fr
dc.subject - en
Infectious diseases
Viruses
dc.subject - fr
Maladie infectieuse
Virus
dc.subject.en - en
Infectious diseases
Viruses
dc.subject.fr - fr
Maladie infectieuse
Virus
dc.title - en
Avian influenza virus circulation and immunity in a wild urban duck population prior to and during a highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak
dc.type - en
Article
dc.type - fr
Article
local.acceptedmanuscript.articlenum
154
local.article.journaltitle - en
Veterinary Research
local.article.journalvolume
55
local.pagination
1-14
local.peerreview - en
Yes
local.peerreview - fr
Oui
local.requestdoi
No
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