Insight into the contributions of primary emissions of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium from residential solid fuels to ambient PM2.5

Zhang, Yue; Yang, Yiming; Zhang, Leiming; Xu, Hongmei; Sun, Jian; Wang, Tao; Li, Fangxiang; Chang, Xiaojian; Ho, Steven Sai Hang; Li, Bin; Wang, Bing; Cao, Junji; Shen, Zhenxing

doi:https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/1979

Insight into the contributions of primary emissions of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium from residential solid fuels to ambient PM2.5

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dc.contributor.author: Zhang, Yue; Yang, Yiming; Zhang, Leiming; Xu, Hongmei; Sun, Jian; Wang, Tao; Li, Fangxiang; Chang, Xiaojian; Ho, Steven Sai Hang; Li, Bin; Wang, Bing; Cao, Junji; Shen, Zhenxing
dc.date.accepted: 2023-04-30
dc.date.accessioned: 2024-03-01T15:20:20Z
dc.date.available: 2024-03-01T15:20:20Z
dc.date.issued: 2023-07-15
dc.date.submitted: 2023-02-21
dc.description.abstract - en: Understanding the primary emissions of sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+) (SNA) from solid fuels (coal and biomass) combustion is important to study their roles in haze formation and particle growth. In this study, direct emissions of SNA and other inorganic ions (including Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl-) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from residential coal combustion (RCC) and biomass burning (BB) were quantified through combustion chamber experiments. Emission factors (EFs) of the total quantified ions for the five types of solid fuels are in the range of 178-3,880 mg/kg, accounting for 5.8%-41.1% of the emitted PM2.5 mass. The average proportions of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ in PM2.5 emitted from RCC are 3.7%, 0.9%, and 1.0%, respectively, in comparison to 1.3%, 0.8%, and 0.1%, respectively, for BB. Despite the variations of SNA proportions seen among the solid fuel types, SO42- is the most dominating inorganic ion, consistent with the emission profiles shown in other literatures. Similar mass fraction and its range of SO42- are found between RCC and ambient in the northern cities, implying that the primary emission from RCC is a significant source contributor to atmospheric SO42-, particularly in wintertime. According to the EFs and mass fractions of SNA determined for the solid fuels, the contribution of secondary formation to atmospheric SO42- should be overestimated in ambient PM2.5 source apportionment.
dc.identifier.issn: 0169-8095; 1873-2895
dc.identifier.uri: https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/1979
dc.language.iso: en
dc.publisher: Elsevier
dc.relation.isreplacedby: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106790
dc.rights - en: Open Government Licence - Canada
dc.rights - fr: Licence du gouvernement ouvert - Canada
dc.rights.openaccesslevel - en: Green
dc.rights.openaccesslevel - fr: Vert
dc.rights.uri - en: https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
dc.rights.uri - fr: https://ouvert.canada.ca/fr/licence-du-gouvernement-ouvert-canada
dc.subject - en: Nature and environment; Science and technology
dc.subject - fr: Nature et environnement; Sciences et technologie
dc.subject.en - en: Nature and environment; Science and technology
dc.subject.fr - fr: Nature et environnement; Sciences et technologie
dc.title - en: Insight into the contributions of primary emissions of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium from residential solid fuels to ambient PM2.5
dc.type - en: Submitted manuscript
dc.type - fr: Manuscrit soumis
local.acceptedmanuscript.articlenum: 106790
local.article.journaltitle: Atmospheric Research
local.article.journalvolume: 290
local.pagination: 23 pages
local.peerreview - en: No
local.peerreview - fr: Non

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