Formaldehyde concentration in discharge from land based aquaculture facilities in Atlantic Canada
- Language of the publication
- English
- Date
- 2015-02-17
- Type
- Accepted manuscript
- Author(s)
- Lalonde, Benoit A.
- Ernst, William
- Garron, Christine
- Publisher
- Springer Nature
Abstract
Formaldehyde is used in freshwater aquaculture facilities in the Maritimes region of Canada to prevent external parasites and is discharged without treatment to freshwater receiving environments. In this study, formaldehyde was measured at effluent outfalls and 100 m downstream of four land based aquaculture facilities at various post-treatment time intervals. Concentrations of formaldehyde ranged from 0.2 to 7.1 mg/L. Based on Environment Canada’s environmental no effect value, all of the samples show a potential risk to aquatic life. Furthermore, based on a chronic aquatic life water quality criterion of 1.61 mg/L all but two of the samples had concentrations considered to be toxic to aquatic life. An acute water quality criteria was only exceeded once in all of the environmental measurements of formaldehyde. These results lead us to hypothesize that the discharge of formaldehyde from land-based facilities may cause adverse chronic impacts.
Description
This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1493-9
Cette version de l'article a été acceptée à des fins de publication suite à une évaluation par les pairs (le cas échéant) et est soumise aux conditions d'utilisation des manuscrits acceptés de Springer Nature. Ce n'est pas la version publiée puisqu’elle ne reflète pas les améliorations postérieures à l'acceptation, ni les corrections. La version publiée est disponible en ligne à l'adresse suivante : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1493-9
Subject
- Biological diversity,
- Nature and environment,
- Water,
- Science and technology
Rights
Pagination
7 pages
Peer review
Yes
Open access level
Green
Identifiers
- ISSN
-
1432-0800
- 0007-4861
Article
- Journal title
- Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
- Journal volume
- 95
- Journal issue
- 4
- Accepted date
- 2015-02-03
- Submitted date
- 2014-07-03
Relation
- Is replaced by:
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1493-9