Chlorogenic Acid and Its Microbial Metabolites Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects, S-Phase Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cells
Chlorogenic Acid and Its Microbial Metabolites Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects, S-Phase Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cells
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Full item details
- dc.contributor.author
- Sadeghi Ekbatan, Shima
- Li, Xiu-Qing
- Ghorbani, Mohammad
- Azadi, Behnam
- Kubow, Stan
- dc.date.accepted
- 2018-02-27
- dc.date.accessioned
- 2024-01-12T22:23:23Z
- dc.date.available
- 2024-01-12T22:23:23Z
- dc.date.issued
- 2018-03-03
- dc.date.submitted
- 2018-02-10
- dc.description.abstract - en
- Chlorogenic acid (CGA) decreases colon cancer-cell proliferation but the combined anti-cancer effects of CGA with its major colonic microbial metabolites, caffeic acid (CA), 3-phenylpropionic acid (3-PPA) and benzoic acid (BA), needs elucidation as they occur together in colonic digesta. Caco-2 cancer cells were treated for 24 h with the four compounds individually (50-1000 µM) and as an equimolar ratio (1:1:1:1; MIX). The effective concentration to decrease cell proliferation by 50% (EC50) was lower for MIX (431 ± 51.84 µM) and CA (460 ± 21.88) versus CGA (758 ± 19.09 µM). The EC50 for cytotoxicity measured by lactate dehydrogenase release in MIX (527 ± 75.34 µM) showed more potency than CA (740 ± 38.68 µM). Cell proliferation was decreased by 3-PPA and BA at 1000 µM with no cytotoxicity. Cell-cycle arrest was induced at the S-phase by CA (100 µM), MIX (100 µM), CGA (250 µM) and 3-PPA (500 µM) with activation of caspase-3 by CGA, CA, MIX (500 and 1000 µM). Mitochondrial DNA content was reduced by 3-PPA (1000 µM). The anti-cancer effects occurred at markedly lower concentrations of each compound within MIX than when provided singly, indicating that they function together to enhance anti-colon cancer activities.
- dc.identifier.citation
- Ekbatan, S.S., Li, X.-Q., Ghorbani, M., Azadi, B., & Kubow, S. (2018). Chlorogenic Acid and Its Microbial Metabolites Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects, S-Phase Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cells. MDPI, 19(3), Article 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030723
- dc.identifier.doi
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030723
- dc.identifier.uri
- https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/1773
- dc.language.iso
- en
- dc.publisher
- MDPI
- dc.rights - en
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- dc.rights - fr
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- dc.rights.openaccesslevel - en
- Gold
- dc.rights.openaccesslevel - fr
- Or
- dc.rights.uri - en
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.rights.uri - fr
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fr
- dc.subject - en
- Agriculture
- dc.subject - fr
- Agriculture
- dc.subject.en - en
- Agriculture
- dc.subject.fr - fr
- Agriculture
- dc.title - en
- Chlorogenic Acid and Its Microbial Metabolites Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects, S-Phase Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cells
- dc.type - en
- Article
- dc.type - fr
- Article
- local.acceptedmanuscript.articlenum
- 723
- local.article.journalissue
- 3
- local.article.journaltitle
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- local.article.journalvolume
- 19
- local.peerreview - en
- Yes
- local.peerreview - fr
- Oui
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