A continuing increase of the impact of the Spring North Pacific Meridional Mode on the Following Winter El Niño and Southern Oscillation

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dc.contributor.author

Zheng, Yuqiong

Chen, Shangfeng

Chen, Wen

Yu, Bin

dc.date.accepted

2022-09-25

dc.date.accessioned

2024-04-09T19:02:27Z

dc.date.available

2024-04-09T19:02:27Z

dc.date.issued

2022-12-29

dc.date.submitted

2022-03-21

dc.description.abstract - en

This study reveals that the impact of the spring North Pacific meridional mode (PMM) on the following-winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) shows a continuing increase in the past. A comparative analysis is conducted for the high- and low-correlation periods to understand the factors for the strengthened impact of the PMM. The spring PMM-related sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric anomalies over the subtropical northeastern Pacific propagate southwestward to the tropical central Pacific via wind–evaporation–SST feedback in the high-correlation period. The tropical SST and atmospheric anomalies further develop to an ENSO-like pattern via positive air–sea interaction. In the low-correlation period, SST and atmospheric anomalies over the subtropical northeastern Pacific related to the PMM cannot extend to the deep tropics. Therefore, the spring PMM has a weak impact on ENSO. The extent to which the PMM-related SST and atmospheric anomalies extend toward the tropics is related to the background flow. The stronger mean trade winds in the high-correlation period lead to an increase in the air–sea coupling strength over the subtropical northeastern Pacific. As such, the spring PMM-related SST and atmospheric anomalies can more efficiently propagate southwestward to the tropical Pacific and exert stronger impacts on the succeeding ENSO. In addition, the southward shifted intertropical convergence zone in the high-correlation period also favors the southward extension of the PMM-related SST anomalies to the tropics and contributes to a stronger PMM–ENSO relation. The variation and its formation mechanism of the spring PMM–winter ENSO relationship appear in both the observations and the long historical simulation of Earth system models.

dc.description.fosrcfull - en

Copyright [2022] American Meteorological Society (AMS). For permission to reuse any portion of this Work, please contact <a href = "mailto: permissions@ametsoc.org">permissions@ametsoc.org</a>. Any use of material in this Work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 U.S. Code § 107) or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC § 108) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. All AMS journals and monograph publications are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (<a href="https://www.copyright.com">https://www.copyright.com</a>). Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy statement, available on the AMS website (<a href="https://www.ametsoc.org/PUBSCopyrightPolicy">https://www.ametsoc.org/PUBSCopyrightPolicy</a>)

dc.description.fosrcfull-fosrctranslation - fr

Droit d'auteur [2022] American Meteorological Society (AMS). Pour obtenir l'autorisation de réutiliser toute partie de cette œuvre, veuillez contacter <a href = "mailto: permissions@ametsoc.org">permissions@ametsoc.org</a>. Toute utilisation d'un élément de cette œuvre considérée comme une "utilisation équitable" par l'article 107 de la loi américaine sur le droit d'auteur (U.S. Copyright Act, 17 U.S. Code § 107) ou satisfaisant aux conditions énoncées à l'article 108 de la loi américaine sur le droit d'auteur (U.S. Copyright Act, 17 U.S. Code § 108) ne requiert pas l'autorisation de l'AMS. La republication, la reproduction systématique, l'affichage sous forme électronique, par exemple sur un site web ou dans une base de données interrogeable, ou toute autre utilisation de ce matériel, à l'exception de ce qui est exempté par la déclaration ci-dessus, nécessite une autorisation écrite ou une licence de la part de l'AMS. Toutes les revues et monographies de l'AMS sont enregistrées auprès du Copyright Clearance Center (<a href="https://www.copyright.com">https://www.copyright.com</a>). Des détails supplémentaires sont prévu dans la déclaration de politique de droit d'auteur de l'AMS, disponible sur le site web de l'AMS (<a href="https://www.ametsoc.org/PUBSCopyrightPolicy">https://www.ametsoc.org/PUBSCopyrightPolicy</a>)

dc.identifier.doi

https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0190.1

dc.identifier.issn

0894-8755

1520-0442

dc.identifier.uri

https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/2256

dc.language.iso

en

dc.publisher

American Meteorological Society

dc.rights.openaccesslevel - en

Green

dc.rights.openaccesslevel - fr

Vert

dc.subject - en

Nature and environment

Science and technology

Climate

dc.subject - fr

Nature et environnement

Sciences et technologie

Climat

dc.subject.en - en

Nature and environment

Science and technology

Climate

dc.subject.fr - fr

Nature et environnement

Sciences et technologie

Climat

dc.title - en

A continuing increase of the impact of the Spring North Pacific Meridional Mode on the Following Winter El Niño and Southern Oscillation

dc.type - en

Article

dc.type - fr

Article

local.article.journalissue

2

local.article.journaltitle

Journal of Climate

local.article.journalvolume

36

local.pagination

585–602

local.peerreview - en

Yes

local.peerreview - fr

Oui

local.requestdoi

No

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