Toward precision feeding regarding minerals : what is the current practice in commercial dairy herds in Quebec, Canada?

Duplessis, Mélissa; Fadul-Pacheco, Liliana; Santschi, Débora; Pellerin, Doris

Toward precision feeding regarding minerals : what is the current practice in commercial dairy herds in Quebec, Canada?

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creativework.keywords - en: nutrient requirements; cross-sectional study
creativework.keywords - fr: besoins en nutriments; étude transversale
dc.contributor.author: Duplessis, Mélissa; Fadul-Pacheco, Liliana; Santschi, Débora; Pellerin, Doris
dc.date.accepted: 2021-05-03
dc.date.accessioned: 2023-06-23T22:05:03Z
dc.date.available: 2023-06-23T22:05:03Z
dc.date.issued: 2021-05-05
dc.date.submitted: 2021-03-22
dc.description - en: It has been known for several years that limiting phosphorus in the cow diet mitigates its excretion in manure, hence reducing the environmental phosphorus load after manure spreading. The quantity of phosphorus that could be applied in the field is regulated by law in several countries. This is not the same for trace minerals such as cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc. Nevertheless, if overfed, these last minerals are excreted in manure in great quantities and could accumulate in the soil after manure spreading, which could lead to detrimental environmental effects. However, formulating cow rations according to the mineral requirements is challenging for nutritionists. The aim of this analysis is to compare dietary phosphorus, cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc concentrations from 100 commercial Holstein dairy herds with the National Research Council recommendations. Phosphorus is included as a point of comparison, as its overfeeding has been well studied compared with other studied trace minerals. The results indicate that, at the median, phosphorus, cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc were respectively fed 8%, 405%, 52%, 372%, and 65% over the recommendations. This suggests that most nutritionists are aware that precision feeding regarding phosphorus is important for dairy production sustainability. It also shows that the other studied minerals were fed in excess and that some attempts should be made to reduce the mineral concentrations of diets.
dc.description.abstract - en: This analysis is performed to obtain information on the current situation regarding phosphorus (P), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in cow diets of commercial dairy herds in Québec, Canada, and to compare them with National Research Council recommendations. Data are collected on 100 Holstein dairy herds in Québec, Canada, and 4430 cows were involved. Rations are analyzed for selected minerals and cow requirements relative to the recommendations were calculated. Median percentages of mineral recommendations fulfilled by forage were 55%, 196%, 54%, 776%, 181%, and 44% for P, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, respectively. Daily dietary concentrations of P, Cu, Mn, and Zn decreased as lactation progressed, whereas Co and Fe were stable throughout lactation. Phosphorus was the mineral fed the closest to the requirements, cows below 21 days in milk were even underfed by 11%. All studied trace minerals were fed in excess for the majority of cows. Cobalt was fed on average 480% above requirements regardless of the stage of lactation. For Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, rations for cows below 21 days in milk were fed 23% (95% confidence interval: 15–32), 930% (849–1019), 281% (251–314), and 35% (22–47) above the recommendations, respectively, and were closer to the requirements than after 21 days in milk. These results show that most nutritionists are aware that precision feeding regarding P is important to minimize detrimental environmental impacts of dairy production. However, some efforts should be made to limit trace mineral overfeeding to ensure environmental resiliency.
dc.description.fosrctranslation - fr: On sait depuis plusieurs années que la limitation du phosphore dans l'alimentation des vaches atténue son excrétion dans le fumier, réduisant ainsi la charge de phosphore dans l'environnement après l'épandage du fumier. La quantité de phosphore pouvant être épandue dans les champs est réglementée par la loi dans plusieurs pays. Il n'en va pas de même pour les oligo-éléments tels que le cobalt, le cuivre, le manganèse et le zinc. Néanmoins, en cas de suralimentation, ces derniers minéraux sont excrétés dans le fumier en grandes quantités et peuvent s'accumuler dans le sol après l'épandage du fumier, ce qui peut avoir des effets néfastes sur l'environnement. Cependant, la formulation de rations pour les vaches en fonction des besoins en minéraux est un défi pour les nutritionnistes. L'objectif de cette analyse est de comparer les concentrations de phosphore, de cobalt, de cuivre, de manganèse et de zinc dans l'alimentation de 100 troupeaux laitiers Holstein commerciaux avec les recommandations du National Research Council. Le phosphore est inclus comme point de comparaison, car sa suralimentation a été bien étudiée par rapport à d'autres oligo-éléments étudiés. Les résultats indiquent qu'à la médiane, le phosphore, le cobalt, le cuivre, le manganèse et le zinc ont été respectivement donnés à 8 %, 405 %, 52 %, 372 % et 65 % de plus que les recommandations. Cela suggère que la plupart des nutritionnistes sont conscients que l'alimentation de précision concernant le phosphore est importante pour la durabilité de la production laitière. Cela montre également que les autres minéraux étudiés ont été administrés en excès et qu'il faudrait essayer de réduire les concentrations de minéraux dans les régimes alimentaires.
dc.identifier.citation: Duplessis, M., Fadul-Pacheco, L., Santschi, D. E. , & Pellerin, D. (2021). Toward precision feeding regarding minerals : What is the current practice in comercial dairy herds in Québec, Canada? Animals, 11(5), 1320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051320
dc.identifier.doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051320
dc.identifier.issn: 2076-2615
dc.identifier.uri: https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/884
dc.language.iso: en
dc.publisher: MDPI
dc.rights - en: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights - fr: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.openaccesslevel - en: Gold
dc.rights.openaccesslevel - fr: Or
dc.rights.uri - en: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.uri - fr: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fr
dc.subject - en: Agriculture
dc.subject - fr: Agriculture
dc.subject.en - en: Agriculture
dc.subject.fr - fr: Agriculture
dc.title - en: Toward precision feeding regarding minerals : what is the current practice in commercial dairy herds in Quebec, Canada?
dc.type - en: Article
dc.type - fr: Article
local.acceptedmanuscript.articlenum: 1320
local.article.journalissue: 5
local.article.journaltitle: Animals
local.article.journalvolume: 11
local.peerreview - en: Yes
local.peerreview - fr: Oui