Rapid analysis of spilled petroleum oils by direct analysis in real time time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry with hydrophobic paper sample collection
Rapid analysis of spilled petroleum oils by direct analysis in real time time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry with hydrophobic paper sample collection
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- dc.contributor.author
- Rabinovitch, Lola
- Saturos, Genesis
- McCallum, Paige
- Kwok, Honoria
- Yan, Jeffrey
- Filewood, Taylor
- Cody, Robert
- Brunswick, Pamela
- Shang, Dayue
- dc.date.accepted
- 2024-07-17
- dc.date.accessioned
- 2026-02-10T15:58:59Z
- dc.date.available
- 2026-02-10T15:58:59Z
- dc.date.issued
- 2024-08-27
- dc.date.submitted
- 2024-05-31
- dc.description - en
- The Pacific-Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing Organic Section has been developing alternative methods to the traditional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based oil spill identification protocol. An innovative improvement to the method is the use of hydrophobic filter paper for simple and fast oil sampling. Microcosm experiments have demonstrated the successful application of this sampling technique to weathered motor oils, marine diesels, crude oils, heavy fuel oils, and diluted bitumen. Furthermore, recent results showed that the same approach is effective for plant-based oils. The novel paper sample collection technique is advantageous over glass bottle-based sampling in terms of convenience in the field, ease of transportation of the collected oiled paper, and compatibility with the direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART/ToF-MS). In fact, the paper sample can be directly analyzed by DART/ToF-MS, its data processed quickly, and a report subsequently generated within a day, illustrating the potential of this approach as a powerful tool in dealing with large-scale oil spill emergency situations.
- dc.description.abstract - en
- Background Oil spills are widespread and can cause devastating environmental consequences. Rapid oil identification is critical to find the origin of the spill, monitor the environment, and lead to informed mitigation measures. The current standard methods in oil spill identification are precise and reliable, but require extensive sample preparation, long instrument runs, and time-consuming data processing. Direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-ToF MS) has been employed to screen for spilled petroleum oils, with results obtained in mere hours. The present study introduced an innovative, simple, and fast oil sampling method using hydrophobic filter paper and demonstrated its compatibility with DART-ToF MS analysis. Motor oils, jet fuels, marine diesels, crude oils, intermediate fuel oils, heavy fuel oils, and diluted bitumen were collected using the filter paper sampling method. Classification models were constructed from the spectral data by heat map inspection followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). Oil slicks and weathered oil slicks were prepared from five oil types, and samples from each slick were collected using filter paper. Results The filter paper technique allowed for effective oil sampling and data acquisition by DART-ToF MS for diluted source oils, oil slicks and weathered oil slicks. Classification via the constructed DAPC models indicated that the DART-ToF MS instrument in tandem with filter paper sampling and multivariate statistics can accurately identify common oil types, with significant improvement of sample collection and turnaround time. Conclusions The promising classification results, simple sample collection, and rapid data analysis illustrate the potential use of hydrophobic filter paper and DART-ToF MS as tools in managing large scale oil spill emergency situations.
- dc.description.fosrctranslation - fr
- La Section de l’analyse organique du Laboratoire des essais environnementaux du Pacifique et du Yukon a mis au point des méthodes de substitution au protocole traditionnel d’identification des déversements d’hydrocarbures basé sur la chromatographie en phase gazeuse et la spectrométrie de masse (GC/MS). L’utilisation d’un papier filtre hydrophobe pour un échantillonnage simple et rapide des produits pétroliers constitue une amélioration novatrice de la méthode. Des expériences en microcosme ont démontré l’application réussie de cette technique d’échantillonnage aux huiles moteur altérées, aux combustibles de soute, au pétrole brut, au mazout lourd et au bitume dilué. De plus, des résultats récents ont montré que la même approche est efficace pour les huiles d’origine végétale. La nouvelle technique de prélèvement d’échantillons sur papier est plus avantageuse que l’échantillonnage au moyen de bouteilles en verre pour les raisons suivantes : commodité sur le terrain, facilité de transport du papier sur lequel a été prélevé le produit pétrolier, et compatibilité avec l’analyse directe par spectrométrie de masse en temps réel (DART/ToF-MS). En fait, l’échantillon de papier peut être directement analysé par DART/ToF-MS, les données peuvent être traitées rapidement et un rapport peut ensuite être généré en l’espace d’une journée, ce qui illustre le potentiel de cette approche en tant qu’outil puissant en situation d’urgence causée par des déversements d’hydrocarbures à grande échelle.
- dc.identifier.doi
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-024-00361-8
- dc.identifier.issn
- 2193-2697
- dc.identifier.uri
- https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/4232
- dc.language.iso
- en
- dc.publisher - en
- Springer Nature
- dc.publisher - fr
- Springer Nature
- dc.rights - en
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- dc.rights - fr
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- dc.rights.openaccesslevel - en
- Gold
- dc.rights.openaccesslevel - fr
- Or
- dc.rights.uri - en
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.rights.uri - fr
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fr
- dc.subject - en
- Oil spills
- Petroleum
- Identification
- dc.subject - fr
- Déversement de pétrole
- Pétrole
- Identification
- dc.subject.en - en
- Oil spills
- Petroleum
- Identification
- dc.subject.fr - fr
- Déversement de pétrole
- Pétrole
- Identification
- dc.title - en
- Rapid analysis of spilled petroleum oils by direct analysis in real time time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry with hydrophobic paper sample collection
- dc.title.alternative - fr
- Analyse directe rapide des produits pétroliers déversés par spectrométrie de masse à temps de vol en temps réel avec prélèvement d’échantillons sur papier hydrophobe
- dc.type - en
- Article
- dc.type - fr
- Article
- local.acceptedmanuscript.articlenum
- 34
- local.article.journaltitle - en
- Environmental Systems Research
- local.article.journalvolume
- 13
- local.pagination
- 16 pages
- local.peerreview - en
- Yes
- local.peerreview - fr
- Oui
- local.requestdoi - en
- No
- local.requestdoi - fr
- No
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