Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Canadian municipal wastewater and biosolids : occurrence, fate, and time trends 2010–2013 to 2022
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Canadian municipal wastewater and biosolids : occurrence, fate, and time trends 2010–2013 to 2022
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- dc.contributor.author
- Gewurtz, Sarah B.
- Auyeung, Alexandra S.
- Teslic, Steven
- Smyth, Shirley Anne
- dc.date.accepted
- 2025-01-22
- dc.date.accessioned
- 2026-02-09T19:34:22Z
- dc.date.available
- 2026-02-09T19:34:22Z
- dc.date.issued
- 2025-02-03
- dc.date.submitted
- 2024-09-20
- dc.description - en
- The concentrations of 135 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were determined in influent, effluent, and biosolids at Canadian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to evaluate the fate of PPCPs through liquid and solids trains of typical treatment types used in Canada and to assess changes in PPCP concentrations in wastewater matrices between 2010–13 and 2022. PPCPs dominant in influent and effluent included the antidiabetic metformin, analgesics/anti-inflammatories (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen), caffeine and its metabolite (1,7−dimethylxanthine), theophylline (a bronchodilator and metabolite of caffeine), an insect repellent (DEET), and iopamidol (a contrast media for x-rays). PPCPs dominant in biosolids differed from those in influent/effluent and included antibiotics (fluoroquinolones and doxycycline), antidepressants (sertraline, citalopram, and amitriptyline), a preservative and antimicrobial agent (triclosan), an antihistamine (diphenhydramine), and an antifungal (clotrimazole). PPCP concentration changes in wastewater matrices between 2010–13 and 2022 may have been influenced by factors such as risk management measures, warnings, development of new pharmaceuticals, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other factors.
- dc.description.abstract - en
- The concentrations of 135 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were determined in raw influent, final effluent, and treated biosolids at Canadian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to evaluate the fate of PPCPs through liquid and solids trains of typical treatment types used in Canada and to assess changes in PPCP concentrations in wastewater matrices between 2010–2013 and 2022. PPCPs dominant in influent and effluent included the antidiabetic metformin, analgesics/anti-inflammatories (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen), caffeine and its metabolite (1,7 − dimethylxanthine), theophylline (a bronchodilator and metabolite of caffeine), an insect repellent (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, DEET), and iopamidol (a contrast media for X-rays). PPCPs dominant in biosolids differed from those in influent/effluent and included antibiotics (fluoroquinolones and doxycycline), antidepressants (sertraline, citalopram, and amitriptyline), a preservative and antimicrobial agent (triclosan), an antihistamine (diphenhydramine), and an antifungal (clotrimazole). These elevated concentrations in influent/effluent and biosolids reflected their use in Canadian communities. PPCPs dominant in influent/effluent had relatively low hydrophobicity whereas those in biosolids tended to be more hydrophobic, or electrostatic forces governed their sorption. Higher removal of PPCPs was generally observed at WWTPs that used biological treatment compared to primary physical/chemical treatment. PPCP concentration changes in wastewater matrices between 2010–2013 and 2022 were influenced by risk management measures, warnings, the development of new pharmaceuticals, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other factors. These time trends reflected the limited information available on PPCP use in Canada. Continued periodic monitoring of PPCPs is recommended to fill data gaps on community use and release to the environment.
- dc.description.fosrctranslation - fr
- Les concentrations de 135 produits pharmaceutiques et de soins personnels (PPSP) ont été déterminées dans l’influent, l’effluent et les biosolides des usines de traitement des eaux usées canadiennes afin d’évaluer le sort des PPSP à travers les trains de liquides et de solides des types de traitement typiques utilisés au Canada et d’évaluer les changements dans les concentrations de PPSP dans les matrices d’eaux usées entre 2010–2013 et 2022. Les PPSP dominants dans l’influent et l’effluent comprenaient l’antidiabétique metformine, des analgésiques/anti-inflammatoires (acétaminophène, ibuprofène, 2-hydroxy-ibuprofène), la caféine et son métabolite (1,7-diméthylxanthine), la théophylline (un bronchodilatateur et un métabolite de la caféine), un insectifuge (DEET) et l’iopamidol (un agent de contraste pour les rayons X). Les PPSP dominants dans les biosolides diffèrent de ceux présents dans les influents/effluents et comprennent des antibiotiques (fluoroquinolones et doxycycline), des antidépresseurs (sertraline, citalopram et amitriptyline), un agent conservateur et antimicrobien (triclosan), un antihistaminique (diphénhydramine) et un antifongique (clotrimazole). Les changements de concentration de PPSP dans les matrices d’eaux usées entre 2010–2013 et 2022 peuvent avoir été influencés par des facteurs comme les mesures de gestion des risques, les avertissements, le développement de nouveaux produits pharmaceutiques, la pandémie de COVID-19 et d’autres facteurs.
- dc.identifier.doi
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36007-0
- dc.identifier.issn
- 1614-7499
- dc.identifier.uri
- https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/4227
- dc.language.iso
- en
- dc.publisher - en
- Springer Nature
- dc.publisher - fr
- Springer Nature
- dc.rights - en
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- dc.rights - fr
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- dc.rights.openaccesslevel - en
- Gold
- dc.rights.openaccesslevel - fr
- Or
- dc.rights.uri - en
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.rights.uri - fr
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fr
- dc.subject - en
- Drugs
- Personal care products
- Waste water
- Water management
- dc.subject - fr
- Médicament
- Produit de soins personnels
- Eaux usées
- Gestion de l'eau
- dc.subject.en - en
- Drugs
- Personal care products
- Waste water
- Water management
- dc.subject.fr - fr
- Médicament
- Produit de soins personnels
- Eaux usées
- Gestion de l'eau
- dc.title - en
- Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Canadian municipal wastewater and biosolids : occurrence, fate, and time trends 2010–2013 to 2022
- dc.title.alternative - fr
- Produits pharmaceutiques et de soins personnels dans les eaux usées municipales et les biosolides au Canada : Occurrence, sort et tendances temporelles 2010–2013 et 2022
- dc.type - en
- Article
- dc.type - fr
- Article
- local.article.journaltitle - en
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- local.article.journalvolume
- 32
- local.pagination
- 5022-5039
- local.peerreview - en
- Yes
- local.peerreview - fr
- Oui
- local.requestdoi - en
- No
- local.requestdoi - fr
- No
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