Rare sugars and their health effects in humans: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence from human trials

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DOI

https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab012

Language of the publication
English
Date
2021-08-02
Type
Article
Author(s)
  • Ahmed, Amna
  • Khan, Tauseef A.
  • Ramdath, D. Dan
  • Kendall, Cyril W.C.
  • Sievenpiper, John L.
Publisher
Oxford University Press

Abstract

Context: Rare sugars are monosaccharides and disaccharides (found in small quantities in nature) that have slight differences in their chemical structure compared with traditional sugars. Little is known about their unique physiological and cardiometabolic effects in humans. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and synthesis of controlled intervention studies of rare sugars in humans, using PRISMA guidelines. Data Sources: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through October 1, 2020. Studies included both post-prandial (acute) and longer-term (≥1 week duration) human feeding studies that examined the effect of rare sugars (including allulose, arabinose, tagatose, trehalose, and isomaltulose) on cardiometabolic and physiological risk factors. Data extraction: In all, 50 studies in humans focusing on the 5 selected rare sugars were found. A narrative synthesis of the selected literature was conducted, without formal quality assessment or quantitative synthesis. Data synthesis: The narrative summary included the food source of each rare sugar, its effect in humans, and the possible mechanism of effect. Overall, these rare sugars were found to offer both short- and long-term benefits for glycemic control and weight loss, with effects differing between healthy individuals, overweight/obese individuals, and those with type 2 diabetes. Most studies were of small size and there was a lack of large randomized controlled trials that could confirm the beneficial effects of these rare sugars. Conclusion: Rare sugars could offer an opportunity for commercialization as an alternative sweetener, especially for those who are at high cardiometabolic risk.

Subject

  • Agriculture

Keywords

  • Cardiometabolic health

Rights

Pagination

255-270

Peer review

Yes

Open access level

Gold

Article

Journal title
Nutrition Reviews
Journal volume
80
Journal issue
2
Accepted date
2021-02-25
Submitted date
2020-12-01

Citation(s)

Ahmed, A., Khan, T. A., Dan Ramdath, D., Kendall, C. W., & Sievenpiper, J. L. (2021). Rare sugars and their health effects in humans: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence from human trials. Nutrition Reviews, 80(2), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab012

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