Vaccination after developing long COVID : impact on clinical presentation, viral persistence, and immune responses

Nayyerabadi, Maryam; Fourcade, Lyvia; Joshi, Swarali A.; Chandrasekaran, Prabha; Chakravarti, Arpita; Massé, Chantal; Paul, Marie-Lorna; Houle, Joanie; Boubekeur, Amina M.; DuSablon, Charlotte; Boudreau, Valérie; Bovan, Danijela; Darbinian, Emma; Coleman, Emilia Aïsha; Vinci, Sandra; Routy, Jean-Pierre; Hétu, Pierre-Olivier; Poudrier, Johanne; Falcone, Emilia Liana

doi:https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/3409

Vaccination after developing long COVID : impact on clinical presentation, viral persistence, and immune responses

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dc.contributor.author: Nayyerabadi, Maryam; Fourcade, Lyvia; Joshi, Swarali A.; Chandrasekaran, Prabha; Chakravarti, Arpita; Massé, Chantal; Paul, Marie-Lorna; Houle, Joanie; Boubekeur, Amina M.; DuSablon, Charlotte; Boudreau, Valérie; Bovan, Danijela; Darbinian, Emma; Coleman, Emilia Aïsha; Vinci, Sandra; Routy, Jean-Pierre; Hétu, Pierre-Olivier; Poudrier, Johanne; Falcone, Emilia Liana
dc.date.accessioned: 2025-02-07T16:46:43Z
dc.date.available: 2025-02-07T16:46:43Z
dc.date.issued: 2023-11-01
dc.description.abstract - en: Background Vaccination protects against severe COVID-19 manifestations. For those with post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) or long COVID, the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the evolution of symptoms, immune responses, and viral persistence is unclear. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, we evaluated the number of PCC symptoms, affected organ systems, and psychological well-being scores before and after patients with PCC received COVID-19 vaccination. We simultaneously evaluated biomarkers of systemic inflammation and levels of plasma cytokines/chemokines. We measured plasma and intracellular levels of SARS-CoV-2 antigens, and immunoreactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens in blood. Results COVID-19 vaccination was associated with decreases in number of PCC symptoms (pre-vaccination: 6.56 ± 3.1 vs post-vaccination: 3.92 ± 4.02; P < 0.001) and affected organ systems (pre-vaccination: 3.19 ± 1.04 vs post-vaccination: 1.89 ± 1.12; P < 0.001), and increases in World Health Organization (WHO)-5 Well-Being Index Scores (pre-vaccination: 42.67 ± 22.76 vs post-vaccination: 56.15 ± 22.83; P < 0.001). Patients with PCC also had significantly decreased levels of several pro-inflammatory plasma cytokines/chemokines after COVID-19 vaccination including sCD40L, GRO-⍺, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1⍺, interleukin (IL)-12p40, G-colony stimulating factor (CSF), M-CSF, IL-1β, and stem cell factor (SCF). PCC participants presented a certain level of immunoreactivity toward SARS-CoV-2, that was boosted with vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen persisted in the blood of PCC participants, mostly in non-classical monocytes, regardless of participants receiving vaccination. Conclusions Our study shows higher pro-inflammatory responses associated with PCC symptoms and brings forward a possible role for vaccination in mitigating PCC symptoms by decreasing systemic inflammation. We also observed persistence of viral products independent of vaccination that could be involved in perpetuating inflammation through non-classical monocytes.
dc.description.sponsorship: This work was supported by a Canada Research Chair (Tier 2; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [CIHR]; ELF ), the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (CITF) and CIHR ( GA4-177751 ; ELF) and Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux (Québec), Ministère de l'économie, de l'innovation et de l’énergie and Fonds de recherche du Québec - Santé (FRQS) in the context of the Québec COVID-19 pandemic research funding initiative (ELF).
dc.identifier.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2023.09.006
dc.identifier.issn: 1201-9712
dc.identifier.pubmedID: 37717649
dc.identifier.uri: https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/3409
dc.language.iso: en
dc.publisher - en: Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases
dc.rights - en: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights - fr: Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.uri - en: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.uri - fr: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.fr
dc.subject - en: Health; Coronavirus diseases; Immunization
dc.subject - fr: Santé; Maladie à coronavirus; Immunisation
dc.subject.en - en: Health; Coronavirus diseases; Immunization
dc.subject.fr - fr: Santé; Maladie à coronavirus; Immunisation
dc.title - en: Vaccination after developing long COVID : impact on clinical presentation, viral persistence, and immune responses
dc.type - en: Article
dc.type - fr: Article
local.article.journaltitle - en: International Journal of Infectious Diseases
local.article.journalvolume: 136
local.pagination: 136-145
local.peerreview - en: Yes
local.peerreview - fr: Oui

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