Clarifying winter clean heating importance : insight chemical compositions and cytotoxicity exposure to primary and aged pollution emissions in China rural areas

Sun, Jian; Niu, Xinyi; Zhang, Bin; Zhang, Leiming; Yu, Jinjin; He, Kun; Zhang, Tian; Wang, Qiyuan; Xu, Hongmei; Cao, Junji; Shen, Zhenxing

doi:https://open-science.canada.ca/handle/123456789/3174

Clarifying winter clean heating importance : insight chemical compositions and cytotoxicity exposure to primary and aged pollution emissions in China rural areas

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Language of the publication

English

Date

2022-10-15

Type

Accepted manuscript

Author(s)

Sun, Jian
Niu, Xinyi
Zhang, Bin
Zhang, Leiming
Yu, Jinjin
He, Kun
Zhang, Tian
Wang, Qiyuan
Xu, Hongmei
Cao, Junji
Shen, Zhenxing

Publisher

Elsevier

Abstract

Residential solid fuel combustion (RSFC) is an important source of PM_2.5. Here we investigate the cytotoxicity of primarily emitted and photochemically aged PM_2.5 to A549 cells. Owing to the formation of water-soluble ions and organics (e.g., oPAHs and nPAHs), emission factors of PM_2.5 were increased by 44.4% on average after 7-day equivalent photochemical aging, which greatly altered chemical profiles of freshly emitted PM_2.5. Consequently, the cytotoxicity varied with aging duration that 2-day and 7-day aged PM_2.5 induced 22.5% and 35.1%, respectively, higher levels of reactive oxygen species than primary emissions. Similar increases were also observed for multi-cytotoxicity. Correlation analysis and western blot results collectively confirmed HO-1/Nrf-2 signaling pathway dominated the cytotoxicity of aged PM_2.5 from RSFC, which was regulated by the enhanced o-PAHs and n-PAHs during photochemical aging. Thus, aged and secondary aerosol exposure needs to be paid more attention due to the enhanced cytotoxicity and the vast crowd involved.