Feeding oregano oil and its main component carvacrol does not affect ruminal fermentation, nutrient utilization, methane emissions, milk production, or milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows

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DOI

https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17230

Language of the publication
English
Date
2020-01-15
Type
Article
Author(s)
  • Benchaar, C.
Publisher
Elsevier

Alternative title

Feeding oregano oil and its main component carvacrol does not affect ruminal fermentation, nutrient utilization, methane emissions, milk production, or milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows

Abstract

Because of their antimicrobial properties, essential oils and their components have been suggested as alternatives to other antimicrobials (e.g., monensin) that are commonly fed to ruminants to improve nutrient utilization and enhance feed efficiency and milk performance. In this study, we evaluated the potential of oregano oil and its main component (carvacrol) as rumen modifiers. For this purpose, 8 ruminally cannulated lactating dairy cows (92 ± 11 d in milk, 36.5 ± 7.6 kg of milk yield, and 703 ± 74 kg of body weight) were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square (28-d periods). Cows were fed 1 of the 4 following treatments: (1) control (CTL, no additive); (2) monensin [MON, 24 mg/kg of dry matter (DM)]; (3) oregano oil (ORE, 50 mg/kg of DM); and (4) carvacrol (CAR, 50 mg/kg of DM). Cows were fed (ad libitum intake) a total mixed ration consisting of 60% forages (corn silage and alfalfa silage) and 40% concentrates, on a DM basis. Feeding ORE and CAR had no effect on nutrient total-tract apparent digestibility, N utilization, rumen fermentation (i.e., pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids), protozoa counts, or milk performance. Feeding MON increased the molar proportion of propionate and tended to increase total-tract apparent digestibility of crude protein. None of the feed additives evaluated affected enteric methane production (491 g/d, 21.1 g/kg of DM intake, 6.14% of gross energy intake on average). Milk fatty acid composition was not changed by ORE or CAR, but MON increased the proportion of trans-10 18:1, an intermediate of ruminal biohydrogenation. Thus, when included at 50 mg/kg of dietary dry matter, neither oregano oil nor carvacrol favorably altered rumen fermentation, improved nutrient utilization or milk performance, or mitigated enteric methane emissions in dairy cows.

Subject

  • Agriculture

Keywords

  • essential oils,
  • nutrient utilization,
  • milk production,
  • methane production,
  • milk fatty acids

Peer review

Yes

Open access level

Gold

Identifiers

ISSN
1525-3198

Article

Journal title
Journal of Dairy Science
Journal volume
103
Journal issue
2

Citation(s)

Benchaar, C. (2020). Feeding oregano oil and its main component carvacrol does not affect ruminal fermentation, nutrient utilization, methane emissions, milk production, or milk fatty acid composition of Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(2), 1516–1527. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17230

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